Who was the click for?

Action address asks who or what an observable action is directed toward: a brand, a platform, a creator or the surrounding feed. The same recorded click may support different interpretations when its address is unobserved.

Action address

Counting an action does not settle its intended recipient. Related Echo instruments describe language and content; their outputs should not be treated as a direct measurement of a person’s private intention.

Research behind the question

Related instruments and their methods

Related data journalism

These stories share an interpretive question; they are not presented as empirical tests of every linked paper.